Tuesday 15 February 2011

Both films show British culture however in different ways. London to Brighton is dipicting the underground scene in london, this involves prostitution, drugs and gang culture.

Corrienation Street however shows comfortable working class northen people. Although they are both set in England they focus on select parts of society within the british culture. The episode we studied was set in 1970, the year the conservative party came into power, this means the society had been going through change, this effected the values in society. London to Brighton on the other hand, was set in a modern time, in which the labour party were in power and had been since 1997. The advancement in society oppend a loop hole for gang culture.

Monday 14 February 2011

Impact of the Internet on Media Production (TV)

 Internet Protocol television (IPTV) is a system through which Internet television services are delivered using the architecture and networking methods of the Internet Protocol Suite over a packet-switched network infrastructure, e.g., the Internet and broadband Internet access networks, instead of being delivered through traditional radio frequency broadcast, satellite signal, and cable television (CATV) formats.
IPTV services may be classified into three main groups:
  • live television, with or without interactivity related to the current TV show;
  • time-shifted programming: catch-up TV (replays a TV show that was broadcast hours or days ago), start-over TV (replays the current TV show from its beginning);
  • video on demand (VOD): browse a catalog of videos, not related to TV programming.
IPTV is distinguished from general Internet-based or web-based multimedia services by its on-going standardization process (e.g., European Telecommunications Standards Institute) and preferential deployment scenarios in subscriber-based telecommunications networks with high-speed access channels into end-user premises via set-top boxes or other customer-premises equipment.

Definition from:  http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IPTV

The IPTV now have to regulate online media rather than just regular TV and keep an eye on the whole of the internet, meaning they have a much more challenging task than in previous years. 10 or 20 years ago they would just have to keep an eye on just the TV channels that broadcast the shows, whereas, nowadays they have to monitor the whole of the internet which is becoming increasingly difficult due to illegal downloads and pirating.

Consumers stand to benefit the most as it is increasingly difficult to regulate and monitor what every consumer wants so therefore the consumer benefits the most.

Impact of the internet on media production

IPTV is a system through which internet television services are delivered using architectural and networking; multimedia services such as television/video/audio/text/graphics/data delivered over IP based networks managed to provide the required level of quality of service and experience, security, interactivity and reliability.  Television companies can make use of IPTV because they can broadcast their programs on the web to attract a wider audience. The distribution of multimedia services on the internet means they can maintain their quality of services and expand the distribution of their product.

Impact of the Internet on Media Production (TV)

Research the development of IPTV, find out what it is and how television companies make use of it.

This internet has changed almost everything about the way we digest media texts. All forms of media can be found online, from daily papers to feature length films we rarely need to leave our internet browser to find a media text. Although convenient, having everything we need online can be bad for the industries it suffocates; this is the case with illegal music, TV programmes and films on the web. 

Through the development of IPTV how do you think television industry has developed over time?
Give specific examples you may have come across through your research.

Although the internet is a haven for illegal media texts, it is also a great place to catch up on missed programmes whenever you want. Products such as the BBC Iplayer and Channel 4’s 4OD (4 on demand) allow exactly that, eliminating the need for television. These programmes are extremely useful and each have a desktop application which allows you download the programmes and keep them for a certain amount of time. 

As IPTV is developed alongside online video, and TV viewers increasingly personalise their TV viewing so they can watch what they want, when and where they want, who stands to benefit most?

i think the consumer will benefit most, there is far more choice, its on demand and its free! 

Impact of the Internet on Media Production

Research int the development of internet protocol television (IPTV) find out what it is and how television companies can make use of it.


Internet Protocol television (IPTV) is a system through which Internet television services are delivered using the architecture and networking methods of the Internet Protocol Suite over a packet-switched network infrastructure, e.g., the Internet and broadband Internet access networks, instead of being delivered through traditional radio frequency broadcast,satellite signal, and cable television (CATV) formats.


Though the development of IPTV how do you think the television industry has changed over time? Give specific examples which you may have come accross during your research.


Over time the television industry has changed quite considerably, one big change is the television channels offering you the opportunity to re watch the episodes you have missed over the internet. These websites include BBC iplayer, 4OD and five on demand all of which you can watch, pause rewind and even download. You can now even download apps where you can record programmes tat you will miss from your own phone.


As IPTV is developed alongside online video, and TV viewers increasingly personalize their TV viewing so they can watch what they want, when and where they want, who stands to benefit most?


With the modern day industry ever changing, the ways and means of watching television are fast growing. Online video now means that we must never miss our favorite program and can always remain up to date with the soaps we adore or the latest documentary. With the new sky app on the Iphone also there is a larger scape of ways to record TV even on the go, so the viewer ultimately chooses what time they watch TV and therefore can draw up there own tv listings time benefiting the viewer. The producers still benefit from broadcasting the initial shows however they may not get as many views as intended as people will choose to watch it another time or online.

Impact of the Internet on Media Production

Internet Protocol Television (IPTV)

Internet Protocol television (IPTV) is a system through which Internet television services are delivered using the architecture and networking methods of the Internet Protocol Suite over a packet-switched network infrastructure, e.g., the Internet and broadband Internet access networks, instead of being delivered through traditional radio frequency broadcast, satellite signal, and cable television (CATV) formats.
IPTV services may be classified into three main groups:
  • live television, with or without interactivity related to the current TV show;
  • time-shifted programming: catch-up TV (replays a TV show that was broadcast hours or days ago), start-over TV (replays the current TV show from its beginning);
  • video on demand (VOD): browse a catalog of videos, not related to TV programming.
IPTV is distinguished from general Internet-based or web-based multimedia services by its on-going standardization process (e.g., European Telecommunications Standards Institute) and preferential deployment scenarios in subscriber-based telecommunications networks with high-speed access channels into end-user premises via set-top boxes or other customer-premises equipment.

(Wikipedia)
Television companies can make use of this by broadcasting their programmes on the Internet which means that these programmes will get more coverage for less money and a lot more hits. It will advertise the programmes as well and distribute them. 

Through the development of IPTV the television industry has changed since a wider range of programmes are available therefore mainstream programmes will not be as popular. However, many programmes will be receiving more coverage and hits because of the development of online television and how accessible it is. 

We believe that as IPTV has developed many people along the stages in the television industry have all benefited. Producers will benefit as their programmes are receiving higher viewing rates, there will be more jobs available in advertising because of the developing online TV sites such as 4OD, distributors will also benefit because there will be more variety in where they are able to show the programmes. The consumers will definitely benefit, maybe the most, as they have a lot more choice in terms of what they watch, when they watch and where they watch it. 



Internet protocol televisioin (IPTV)



The official definition approved by the International Telecommunication Union focus group on IPTV (ITU-T FG IPTV) is as follows:
"IPTV is defined as multimedia services such as television/video/audio/text/graphics/data delivered over IP based networks managed to provide the required level of quality of service and experience, security, interactivity and reliability."
 
Another official and more detailed definition of IPTV is the one given by Alliance fore telecommunications industry solutions (ATIS) IPTV Exploratory Group on 2005:
"IPTV is defined as the secure and reliable delivery to subscribers of entertainment video and related services. These services may include, for example, Live TV, Video On Demand (VOD) and interactive tv (iTV). These services are delivered across an access agnostic, packet switched network that employs the IP protocol to transport the audio, video and control signals. In contrast to video over the public Internet, with IPTV deployments, network security and performance are tightly managed to ensure a superior entertainment experience, resulting in a compelling business environment for content providers, advertisers and customers alike."

A system where internet television services are delivered using the architecture and networking methods of internet protocol suite over a packet-switched network infrastructure. e.g.  the internet and broadband internet access networks instead of being delivered through traditional radio frequency broadcast, satellite signal, and cable television (CATV) formats IPTV services may be classified into three main groups:

  • live television  with or without interactivity related to the current TV show;
  • time-shifted programming: catch-up TV (replays a TV show that was broadcast hours or days ago), start-over TV (replays the current TV show from its beginning);
  • video on demand (VOD): browse a catalog of videos, not related to TV programming.
IPTV is distinguished from general Internet-based or web-based multimedia services by its on-going standardization process and preferential deployment scenarios in subscriber-based telecommunications networks with high-speed access channels into end-user premises via set-top boxes or other customer-premises equipment.



I think IPTV has changed tv alot because it has made things alot more available to people making some shows perhaps more popular because people are being able to fit them into their schedule instead of having to wait till its shown on television.

http://www.bbc.co.uk/pressoffice/pressreleases/stories/2010/01_january/14/iplayer.shtml - this shows how popular things such as iplayer are.
Who stands to benefit the most?
Tv producers and other people involved in the production of shows such as distributors and advertisers etc. stand to benefit from iptv because it brings in more viewings bringing in more money for the show it also increases its popularity which brings in even more viewings. However viewers have alot more freedom now scheduling there own shows but it only goes that far, it depends where your standing both are benefited in different ways. 
I think that Producers and benefit the most from this.



Monday 7 February 2011

"WeThink" Theory and "Wikinomics" Theory

WeThink
We Think explores how the web is changing our world, creating a culture in which more people than ever can participate, share and collaborate, ideas and information.
'We Think' states that the way we think and make sense of 'knowledge' is fundamentally shifting in the online age. One of the main contributions to this statement is social networking. Social networking sites, e.g. Facebook, Twitter, have become a hugely important part of our everyday lives. The way we think and see things now partially depends on what happens on those sites and the actions that people do.


Wikinomics
Wikinomics: How Mass Collaboration Changes Everything is a book by Don Tapscott and Anthony D Williams, first published in December 2006. It explores how some companies in the early 21st century have used mass collaboration (also called peer production) and open-source technology, such as wikis, to be successful.According to Tapscott, Wikinomics is based on four ideas: Openness, Peering, Sharing, and Acting Globally.
1. Free Creativity (Openness and Sharing) - Making what you like and then broadcasting your creation globally with other users, e.g. YouTube
2. Peering - the free sharing of material on the internet
3. Acting Globally - Web 2.0 makes thinking globally inevitable, the internet makes communication of ideas simple.

Wikinomics is now making things more simple with more choice for example "iTunes" there is no factory with man-made product, it's all in the form of downloads. This is cutting out mass productions and distributions, making is easier for both the company and customer.

'We Think' & 'Wikinomics'

'We Think' demonstrates the way the web is changing our world, this is in reference to the web being a potent platform for creativity and innovation. it is sub-consciously creating culture that people can participate, share and collaborate ideas and information. Although it provides society with democracy, equality and freedom, there are still the risk of self expression on the internet becoming a potential problem.

'Wikinomics' is the idea that we should concentrate on finding ways to innovate with your market, to source, shape and screen innovations. This theory includes these factors, being open,sharing,peering,being global and generation-N Norms. So the idea is about mass collaboration and whether you are willing to collaborate with partners, customers, consumers and even competitors to avoid being synonymous with failure.

'We Think' and the use of social networking.

'We Think' states that the way we think and make sense of 'knowledge' is fundamentally shifting in the online age. I believe one of the main contributions to this statement is social networking. Social networking sites, e.g. Facebook, Twitter, have become a significant part of our everyday lives. The way we think and see things now partially depends on what happens on those sites.

We Think Theory

We Think explores how the web is changing our world, creating a culture in which more people than ever can participate, share and collaborate, ideas and information.
Ideas take life when they are shared. That is why the web is such a potent platform for creativity and innovation.
It's also at the heart of why the web should be good for : democracy, by giving more people a voice and the ability to organise themselves; freedom, by giving more people the opportunity to be creative and equality, by allowing knowledge to be set free.

But sharing also brings with it dilemmas.

It leaves us more open to abuse and invasions of privacy.

Participation is not always a good thing: it can just create a cacophony.

Collaboration is sustained and reliable only under conditions which allow for self organisation.
Everywhere we turn there will be struggles between people who want to freely share - music, films, ideas, information - and those who want to control this activity, either corporations who want to make money or governments who fear debate and democracy. This conflict between the rising surge of mass collaboration and attempts to retain top down control will be one of the defining battles of our time, from Communist China, to Microsoft's battle with open source and the music industry's desperate rearguard action against the web.

'We Think'

We-think: mass innovation, not mass production

We Think explores how the web is changing our world, creating a culture in which more people than ever can participate, share and collaborate, ideas and information. It is the idea that information can be freely distributed and viewed by the masses. It gives people that usually cannot find a voice a medium to express and share their views. This takes form in videos, text and through other arts. However, this can lead to problems such as the invasion of privacy and cyber bullying in various forms. This can also lead to the illegal distribution of files for anyone to download.



Wikinomics

Wikinomics is a term that describes the effects of extensive collaboration and user-participation on the marketplace and corporate world.



According to Tapscott and Williams, these four principles are the central concepts of wikinomics in the enterprise:
  • Openness, which includes not only open standards and content but also financial transparency and an open attitude towards external ideas and resources
  • Peering, which replaces hierarchical models with a more collaborative forum. Tapscott and Williams cite the development of Linux as the "quintessential example of peering."
  • Sharing, which is a less proprietary approach to (among other things) products, intellectual property, bandwidth, scientific knowledge
  • Acting globally, which involves embracing globalization and ignoring "physical and geographical boundaries" at both the corporate and individual level.

Wikinomics has been described as the Web 2.0 phenomenon.



Facebook and 'We Think' Theory
We can apply facebook to this theory as it is a mass sharing of information, photos, videos, news and much more. Anything and everything can be shared with people from across the world. Facebook is a centre for global social sharing. However, as this theory states, through this immense sharing of information, privacy can be invaded and many problems have and can occur.


 

The 'Long Tail' Theory.

The term has gained popularity in recent times as a retailing concept describing the niche strategy of selling a large number of unique items in relatively small quantities – usually in addition to selling fewer popular items in large quantities.

The way we think and make sense of media has changed in the online age.

Long Tail Theory

The long tail theory is when you have niche markets that when put together create as much reveue as a large main stream product. For example some niche TV channels get as many viewers as a popular channel.


- Apply the theory of 'Long Tail' to one of the following: TV/FILM


An example of a mainstream channel, is E Entertainment. This channel shows lots of reality tv shows on celebrities and their lives. The channel has all the latest news and gossip on the celeb world. The shows shown are most commonly american shows.


E! has an audience reach of 88 million cable and satellite viewers.


An example of a niche channel is Chelsea TV. This channel shows all chelsea related media from news on the players and actual matches.

'Long Tail Theory'

The long tail theory states that niche products although directed at a specific audience compared to mainstream products which have a wider audience maintain the same viewers/buyers or more. So he outlines the strategy of selling a large number of unique items in relatively small quantities in addition to selling fewer popular items in large quantities.

Brit Asia Tv which is a niche Tv channel directed at the asian community. The channel is widely viewed by their target audience. In comparison to E4 which isn't necessarily directed at a specific viewing audience, but the outcome of sales figures for these Tv shows is relatively close which concludes that the 'Long tail' theory has been proven.



Theory of "The Long Tail"

Apply the theory of "The Long Tail" to either TV or Film:
TV: Using figures from the website "BARB" it shows that predominately BBC 1, BBC 2, ITV1 etc. are on the whole the highest grossing TV channels but BBC 1 only has a 20.8% share whereas "Other Viewing" has a 42.2% share, proving that the niche end of the market has more of the share.

 


http://www.barb.co.uk/report/weeklyViewing?_s=4

This relates to the "Long Tail Theory" as it shows Chris Anderson's theory has been proven correct, to a certain extent, as it shows that the niche market has prevailed over the mass market and are more widely "wanted" by the public than the "big hit" channels.


The Long Tail Theory:
This theory suggests that the niche market prevails over the "big hits" over the mass market. For example, using the internet, people will want to buy more specialist things overall than they will for buying the blockbuster hits.

'We Think'

Charles Leadbeater is the author of the book 'We think'

On Charles' site the headline says

Welcome to We-think: mass innovation, not mass production

We think is about how the web is changing all the time and its effecting and changing other things in our world it has become more accessible. The website states 'Ideas take life when they are shared'. The site talks about how the internet creates tools for creating and innovation. The website also states that the web should be good for democracy by giving more people a voice and the ability to organise themselves. Basically stating that the internet opens up oppurtunities for people who would nor perhaps have the chance to let themselves be known without the internet. It also describes the internet as almost an endless book a search engine for every subject you could think of and information in which you can take in and learn about all sorts of subjects, places, jobs, people, useful information about opening times rules regulations, laws, applications, how to's/tutorials release dates videos and previews etc.
They also talk about the negative parts of the internet such as lack of privacy, things such as blogs and people being heard can create arguments and frequent disagreements.



Everywhere we turn there will be struggles between people who want to freely share - music, films, ideas, information - and those who want to control this activity, either corporations who want to make money or governments who fear debate and democracy. This conflict between the rising surge of mass collaboration and attempts to retain top down control will be one of the defining battles of our time, from Communist China, to Microsoft's battle with open source and the music industry's desperate rearguard action against the web.

Long tail theory.

Apply the theory of 'Long Tail' to Television:
Television comprises of many different programs which cover different genres and therefore can appeal to a mass audience. There is no specific leading program, they all are made for niche markets.

Through research, find out the proportion of media consumption for both niche and mainstream products. The products should be within the media form you have picked. You can use published data for sales figures. 

There is an equal spread of viewers for both mainstream and niche television programmes. However, there are significantly more niche programmes than mainstream but each with less viewers due to their specific content.

Below is part of a table from the research board BARB on the weekly total viewing summary:


Are the figures for the niche products close to or higher than a particular mainstream product? If yes, then the 'Long Tail Theory' theory has been proven:


Although the mainstream channels do have a higher average amount of viewers per channel compared to the niche broadcasters. But as the niche broadcasters are vaster in numbers the total viewers add up to be similar to that of the mainstream channels. Long tail theory has been proven in this case as there is such a large number of niche channels the amount of viewers is larger than the mainstream viewers.

Long term theory states that the media market is lead by niche products rather than mainstream. Although mainstream does have a large effect on consumers, personal preference and choice are becoming a lot more relevant, especially with the development of web 2.0 and the internet.


Long Tail Theory

Niche channel- The Africa Channel- Average daily reach- 10
                       - Men and Movies- 23
                       - Wedding TV- 42
Mainstream Channel- BBC1- Average daily reach- 30,343
                                 - ITV 1- 21,910
                                 - E4- 3,423

The long tail theory says that because of internet and web 2.0, niche channels have become more popular and more accesible to the public therefore resulting in higher viewings fo nich channels making them almost equivilent in popularity to mainstream channels because there will always be someone who wants to watch them.
However, here, the long tailed theory has not been proven. All of the minstream channels have significantly higher weekly viewings compared to the Niche channels. so we think that sometimes the theory can be proven with less popular mainstream channels and some Niche channels have a  higher viewing because their subjects are perhaps more of a wider range, more entertaining equaling in popularity.

Niche channel- Comedy Central- 873
Mainstream Channel- Sky 2- 1,153
^ the difference here is not quite so large.

The Long Tail Theory

The 'Long Tail Theory' is the theory that due onset of broadband internet it is possible to get a infinite variety of media products. This mean that niche are readily available as blockbuster products which means that the niche market has become equal to the mainstream market.

http://www.barb.co.uk/index/index

Due to thew fact that the figures show all the niche products added together are not too far off the percentage as all the niche products together. Because of this, the 'Long Tail" theory has been proven.